Vincent van Gogh | Roses and Sunflowers, 1886

Van Gogh painted this still life during one of his crucial transitional phases.

Between 1886 and 1888 he spent two decisive years in Paris, which initiated a change in his working method, especially his understanding of color effect.

Schooled in the work of the French Romantic Eugène Delacroix, his colors lighten during this period and he begins to experiment with extreme contrasts.

In "Roses and Sunflowers", one of more than 30 still lifes he produced in Paris, this complementary contrast is created using red and green.

Vincent van Gogh | Roses and Sunflowers, 1886 |Kunsthalle Mannheim, Germany

Vincent van Gogh | Garden with Courting Couples, 1887

Van Gogh called this sunny park scene 'the painting of the garden with lovers'.

Couples in love are strolling under the young chestnut trees and sitting along the winding paths.

He used a free variation on the technique of the Pointillists.

Essential Facts:

Title: Garden with Courting Couples: Square Saint-Pierre

Date: Paris, May 1887

Artist: Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890)

Medium: oil on canvas

Dimensions: 75.0 cm x 113.0 cm

Current location: Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam (Vincent van Gogh Foundation)

Vincent van Gogh | Landscape under a stormy sky, 1889

Van Gogh's dramatically atmospheric Paysage sous un ciel mouvementé is one of the finest of the artist's Arles landscapes.

Painted amidst the most fruitful period of the artist's career, when his canvases were flooded with rich passages of densely-painted color, the composition depicts a verdant field under threat of an explosive rainstorm.

Van Gogh creates a scene of intense anticipation here, replete with psychological drama as the laborers hurry to finish their work before the heavens rain down upon them.

Vincent van Gogh | Landscape Under a Stormy Sky, 1889 | Sotheby's

Butterflies | Van Gogh series, 1889-1890

In May 1889, Van Gogh began work on Green Peacock Moth which he self-titled Death's Head Moth.

The moth, called death's head, is a rarely seen nocturnal moth.

He described the large moth's colors "of amazing distinction, black, grey, cloudy white tinged with carmine or vaguely shading off into olive green".

Behind the moth is a background of Lords-and-Ladies.

Vincent van Gogh | Emperor moth, 1889 (detail) | Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam

Vincent van Gogh | Two peasant women digging in field with snow, 1890

Van Gogh was fascinated with the labour and life of peasants, as expressed in art and literature.

In his paintings and drawings, he prominently featured working men and women.

He believed that to truly capture ‘the heart of the people’, an artist must immerse himself in their world.

He saw labourers as simple, kind-hearted and courageous people, often holding them in higher regard than those he termed "civilized".

Vincent van Gogh | Two peasant women digging in field with snow, 1890 | Kunsthaus Zürich

Edmond Bénard | Vincent van Gogh at the age of 34

This group photograph of the INHA fund - Institut national d'Histoire de l'Art, Paris, represent Vincent van Gogh, Paul Gauguin and the Nabis group on February 8, 1888 at the Académie Julian, 48 rue de Faubourg saint Denis, Paris.

Digitized by the library in 2010, published on the Digital Library in 2013 then posted on the Arago portal, this photograph appeared the same year in "Portraits d'ateliers: un album de photographs fin de siècle".

It is part of an album of photographs of artists' studios, purchased in 1958 at the Fabius gallery.

Edmond Bénard | Vincent van Gogh at the Académie Julian, 1888 | Institut national d'Histoire de l'Art, Paris (INHA)

Vincent van Gogh | Paintings of peasants

Van Gogh had a particular attachment and sympathy for peasants and other working class people that was fueled in several ways.

He was particularly fond of the peasant genre work of Jean-François Millet and others.

He found the subjects noble and important in the development of modern art.

Van Gogh had seen the changing landscape in the Netherlands as industrialization encroached on once pastoral settings and the livelihoods of the working poor with little opportunity to change vocation.

Vincent van Gogh | Country road in Provence by night, 1890

Symbol of Provence

For Van Gogh, the cypress is the ultimate symbol of Provence.

"The cypresses still preoccupy me", he writes to his brother Theo, "I'd like to do something with them like the canvases of the sunflowers, because it astonishes me that no one has yet done them as I see them.

It's beautiful as regards lines and proportions, like an Egyptian obelisk.

And the green has such a distinguished quality".

Vincent van Gogh | Country road in Provence by night, 1890 | The Kröller-Müller Museum

Vincent van Gogh ad Arles, 1888-89

Il desiderio di conoscere il Mezzogiorno francese, con la sua luce e le sue tinte mediterranee così lontane dal cromatismo nordico, fu una buona occasione per assimilare gli stimoli artistici raccolti a Parigi e per porre fine alla convivenza con Théo, resa più difficile dal carattere irritabile di entrambi.

«Ho intenzione una volta o l'altra, appena posso, di andarmene nel Sud, dove c'è ancora più colore e ancora più sole [...] Quest'estate, quando dipingevo il paesaggio ad Asnières, vi ho visto più colore che in passato».

Il Meridione francese, luogo elettivo di Zola, Cézanne (che vi avevano trascorso l'infanzia) e di Monticelli (che vi era morto), rispose splendidamente alle esigenze di van Gogh, che vi si stabilì nel febbraio del 1888.

Vincent van Gogh | La maison de La Crau (The Old Mill), 1888

Vincent van Gogh | La maison de La Crau (The Old Mill), 1888 | Buffalo AKG Art Museum

Title: La maison de La Crau (The Old Mill);

Author: Vincent van Gogh (Dutch Post-Impressionist painter, 1853-1890);

Date: 1888;

Dimensions: Support: 64.77 x 53.975 cm; framed: 83.18 x 73.02 x 8.89 cm;

Current location: Collection Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, New York.

Vincent van Gogh | Montmartre series

The Montmartre paintings are a group of works that Vincent van Gogh created in 1886 and 1887 of the Paris district of Montmartre while living there, at 54 Rue Lepic, with his brother Theo.

Rather than capture urban settings in Paris, van Gogh preferred pastoral scenes, such as Montmartre and Asnières in the northwest suburbs.

Of the two years in Paris, the work from 1886 often has the dark, somber tones of his early works from the Netherlands and Brussels.

Vincent van Gogh | River Bank in Springtime, 1887 | Dallas Museum of Art

The light, fresh tones and free brush strokes in this painting of the banks of the Seine are characteristic of a period in Vincent van Gogh's life when, having left Holland to work in Paris, he was absorbing the methods of the impressionist and neo-impressionist, or pointillist, artists.

The traces of red paint visible around the edges of the painting are the remnants of a vibrant red border.

Van Gogh painted similar red borders on two other landscapes of the same size as this picture, and it is believed that they were originally shown together as a triptych. | Source: © Dallas Museum of Art

Vincent van Gogh | River Bank in Springtime, 1887 | Dallas Museum of Art

Vincent van Gogh | Vase with carnations, 1986

Vincent van Gogh | Vase with carnations, 1986 | Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam

This floral still life arose in the period between July and September 1886, when Vincent van Gogh was staying in Paris.

He had moved into the apartment on the Rue Lepic belonging to his brother Theo. Theo worked for the art agency Goupil and Cie; he was in charge of the branch on the Boulevard Montmartre.

Vincent van Gogh | Vase with carnations, 1986 | Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam

Vincent van Gogh | Edge of a Wheat Field with Poppies, 1887

From: Denver Art Museum

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Edge of a Wheat Field with Poppies, made in the summer of 1887, gives a sense of the many influences van Gogh was exposed to during his first year in the "hotbed of ideas" [as he called Paris in a letter to his sister].

The small painting captivates us with its bright contrast between the orange yellow of the field and the complementary radiant blue of the sky, the dark green of the new shoots coming up and the vivid vermillion of the poppies, sprinkled across the canvas in free dashes.

The vertical space is evenly divided between earth and sky. The vantage point is surprisingly low to the ground; we look at the scene as though up a hill.

This is not the vast expanse of field shown in Caillebotte’s painting or van Gogh’s later landscapes, but a detail - a highly fragmented view. A slender poplar arcs along the left edge of the painting, and clusters of budding stalks seem to dance on the horizon line.

Vincent van Gogh | Edge of a Wheat Field with Poppies, 1887 | Denver Art Museum

Vincent van Gogh | Snow-Covered Field with a Harrow (after Millet), 1890

From: Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam

After a long period of psychological crisis, Van Gogh had lost his confidence in himself, as a person and as a painter.

For a long time, he felt useless and did not even dare to go outside.

To build up his self-confidence again, he started copying prints - a common exercise for beginning painters.

This painting is a copy of a print by Jean-François Millet (1814-1875).

Paul Gauguin su van Gogh: "Oh! sì, l'ha amato il giallo il buon Vincent.."

da Paul Gauguin - Gli scritti di un selvaggio, 1894

(due anni dopo la morte di Vincent van Gogh)

- "Fu ad Arles, dopo richieste insistenti, che andai a trovare Vincent Van Gogh.

Voleva fondare "L’Atelier du Midi" che io avrei dovuto dirigere.

Questo povero olandese era entusiasta e in preda a una singolare eccitazione.

Leggendo "Tartarin de Tarascon" sognava un mezzogiorno straordinario da dipingere in getti di luce. E sulla tela i suoi gialli violenti inondavano di sole le fattorie e tutta la pianura della Camargue.

...Nella mia stanza gialla alcuni fiori solari e dagli occhi porpora spiccano su di un fondo giallo. Bagnano le radici in una brocca gialla, sopra un tavolo giallo.

In un angolo del quadro la firma: Vincent.

E il sole giallo, attraverso la tenda gialla della mia stanza, inonda di oro questa festa floreale; al mattino dal mio letto, quando mi sveglio, quasi ne sento il profumo.

Paul Gauguin - Van Gogh mentre dipinge girasoli, 1888

Vincent Van Gogh | Colors quotes

"There is no blue without yellow and without orange".

"Non c'è blu senza il giallo e senza l'arancione".

"The painter of the future will be a colorist in a way no one has been before".

"Il pittore del futuro userà il colore in una maniera che non ha precedenti".

"Suffice it to say that black and white are also colors… for their simultaneous contrast is as striking as that of green and red, for instance".

"Basti dire che anche il bianco e il nero sono colori... perché il loro contrasto simultaneo è sorprendente come quello del verde e del rosso, per esempio".

Vincent Van Gogh: "Finché ci sarà l'Autunno, non avrò abbastanza mani, tele e colori per dipingere la bellezza che vedo"!

"Finché ci sarà l'autunno, non avrò abbastanza mani, tele e colori per dipingere la bellezza che vedo".

"As long as autumn lasts, I shall not have hands, canvas and colors enough to paint the beautiful things I see".

Vincent Van Gogh

Vincent Van Gogh | Red Vineyard at Arles, 1888 | Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts

Vincent van Gogh | Fleurs dans un verre (Auvers, 1890)

"Fleurs dans un verre" belongs to a very small group of floral still lifes that Vincent van Gogh completed in his seventy day residency in Auvers-sur-Oise, where he would bring his life to an end in the height of the summer of 1890.

In his seventy days in Auvers, van Gogh would paint seventy or so canvases, a huge output by any measure.

Many of these canvases represent the village of Auvers itself and its immediate surroundings. There are also major portraits and, rarer still, still lifes such as Fleurs dans un verre. | © Sotheby's

Vincent van Gogh | Fleurs dans un verre (Auvers, 1890)

Vincent van Gogh | Still Life of Oranges and Lemons with Blue Gloves, 1889

Vincent van Gogh painted this picture soon after his release from the hospital, where he was recovering from the disastrous final days of Paul Gauguin’s stay with him in Arles.

In a long letter to his brother Theo posted January 23, 1889, he mentions creating this painting alongside several other issues, including the need to make money through picture sales. He likely had the market in mind in painting this still life.

The painter was clearly attracted to the shapes and hues of the citrus fruit arrayed in the wicker basket, and the way their varied orb shapes play against the weave of the dried sticks, the whole set off by the prickly needles of the cypress branches. Van Gogh refers in his letter to an "air of chic" in this picture, prompted perhaps by the inclusion of blue garden gloves.

The painting reveals the artist’s extraordinarily original sense of color, as well as his richly expressive paint application as he struggles to evoke the nubby waxen skin of the various fruits, the spiky fur of the branches, and the limp material of the worn gloves.