Gaines Ruger Donoho (American painter, 1857-1916) | The Mount, 1880
The 19th century🎨 saw the birth of science as a profession; the term scientist was coined in 1833 by William Whewell, which soon replaced the older term of (natural) philosopher.
mong the most influential ideas of the 19th century were those of Charles Darwin (alongside the independent researches of Alfred Russel Wallace), who in 1859 published the book "The Origin of Species", which introduced the idea of evolution by natural selection.
Another important landmark in medicine and biology were the successful efforts to prove the germ theory of disease.






