Sigismondo Coccapani | Baroque painter

Sigismondo Coccapani (1585-1643) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period.

Born in Florence, he studied under Ludovico Cigoli in Rome, before returning to his native city.

He at first studied literature and mathematics, but abandoned them for painting, becoming a pupil of Ludovico Cigoli in Rome where he assisted him on his work at Santa Maria Maggiore in 1610-13.

Using his scientific background he showed Cigoli, who was making a record of solar activity for his friend Galileo, how to observe and record sunspots through a method of projection.

Wisława Szymborska | Le donne di Rubens

Ercolesse, fauna femminile,

nude come il fragore di botti.

Fanno il nido in letti calpestati,

nel sonno la bocca si apre al chicchirichì.

Le pupille rovesciate all’indietro

Penetrano dentro le ghiandole da cui i lieviti stillano nel sangue.

Peter Paul Rubens | Frans Snyders - Ceres with two Nymphs, 1624 | Museo Nacional del Prado

Vincent van Gogh | Landscape under a stormy sky, 1889

Van Gogh's dramatically atmospheric Paysage sous un ciel mouvementé is one of the finest of the artist's Arles landscapes.

Painted amidst the most fruitful period of the artist's career, when his canvases were flooded with rich passages of densely-painted color, the composition depicts a verdant field under threat of an explosive rainstorm.

Van Gogh creates a scene of intense anticipation here, replete with psychological drama as the laborers hurry to finish their work before the heavens rain down upon them.

Vincent van Gogh | Landscape Under a Stormy Sky, 1889 | Sotheby's

Peter Paul Rubens | Mars and Rhea Silvia, 1617

Mars and Rhea Silvia is a 1617 painting by Peter Paul Rubens, now in the Liechtenstein Museum in Vienna.

It shows Mars's rape of Rhea Silvia, which resulted in the birth of Romulus and Remus, founders of Rome.

Anwen Keeling, 1976 | Figurative painter

Anwen Keeling is an Australian portrait painter.

Working primarily with oil paints, her artworks have often focused on introspective women in private settings.

She has "always been influenced by Caravaggio".

Her artworks prominently contain areas of deep shadows.

Butterflies | Van Gogh series, 1889-1890

In May 1889, Van Gogh began work on Green Peacock Moth which he self-titled Death's Head Moth.

The moth, called death's head, is a rarely seen nocturnal moth.

He described the large moth's colors "of amazing distinction, black, grey, cloudy white tinged with carmine or vaguely shading off into olive green".

Behind the moth is a background of Lords-and-Ladies.

Vincent van Gogh | Emperor moth, 1889 (detail) | Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam

Papa Francesco: "Cari poeti, aiutateci a sognare!"

Pubblichiamo la lettera di Papa Francesco pubblicata nel libro “Versi a Dio. Antologia della poesia religiosa". (in inglese)

Cari poeti,

so che avete fame di significato, e per questo riflettete anche su come la fede interroga la vita. Questo “significato” non è riducibile a un concetto, no. È un significato totale che prende poesia, simbolo, sentimenti.

Il vero significato non è quello del dizionario: quello è il significato della parola, e la parola è uno strumento di tutto quello che è dentro di noi.

Musée des Beaux-Arts (Lione) | 5.000 anni di storia dell'arte

Il musée des Beaux-Arts di Lione è il principale museo della città ed uno dei più grandi musei d'arte in Francia.

Aperto dal 1801 - uno dei primi dopo il Louvre, il museo presenta collezioni di pittura, scultura, arte antica (egiziana, greca, romana, etrusca e orientale), oggetti d'arte, medaglie e monete, disegni e stampe.

James Pradier | Odalisque, 1841 | Musée des Beaux-Arts de Lyon

Louis Janmot | Fleur des champs, 1845

Flower of the Fields / Fleur des champs, is an 1845 painting on wood by Lyon artist, Louis Janmot (1814-1892).

It was acquired in 1893 by the Musée des Beaux-Arts de Lyon where it has been conserved.

Depiction of a young woman

The painting shows a young woman who is sitting in a nature scene, surrounded with flowers and butterflies.

She has two flower bouquets in her hands: one laid down on her knees, composed of buttercups, daisies and cornflowers, the other one held vertically is composed of poppies.

Musée des Beaux-Arts de Lyon | 200 years of history

Thanks to its proximity to the Lyon city hall, the abbey was not sold or destroyed during the French Revolution.

In 1792, the Municipal Council designated the building as a place to conserve medals, bronzes and other artistic monuments.

On 14 Fructidor in the year IX (1801), the Chaptal decree to establish painting collections in fifteen French cities enabled the founding of the Lyon Museum of Fine Art.

Joseph Bail | Au Jardin, 1880 | Musée des Beaux-Arts de Lyon

Dante Gabriel Rossetti | Roman Widow, 1874

Roman Widow or Dîs Manibus is an oil on canvas painting executed in 1874 by the English Pre-Raphaelite artist Dante Gabriel Rossetti.

It is in the collection of the Museo de Arte de Ponce in Puerto Rico.

It depicts a young Roman widow, modelled by Alexa Wilding, sitting in a sepulchre by her late husband's cinerary urn, around which is wound her bridal girdle.

She is dressed in classical mourning drapery and playing an elegy on two small harps, one with each hand.

Pink roses, the flowers of Venus and symbolic of love, wreath both the harp and the urn.

Hermann Corrodi | Night on Mount Athos, 1905

Hermann David Salomon Corrodi (1844-1905) was an Italian painter of historical and orientalist scenes.

Corrodi received commissions for history paintings from the British royal family.

He was acquainted with most of the European royalty of the time, including a friendship with Queen Victoria, and traveled widely in the Far East, including Egypt, Syria, Cyprus and Istanbul, which provided the subject matter for many of his paintings.

L'Educazione e le Arti nella "Repubblica" di Platone

La Repubblica (in greco antico: Πολιτεία, Politéia) è un dialogo socratico, scritto dal filosofo greco Platone intorno al 375 a.C., la quale ha avuto enorme influenza nel pensiero occidentale.

L'opera è strutturata in dieci libri e ha per protagonista Socrate, filosofo e maestro di Platone.

La Repubblica è l'opera più nota di Platone ed una delle opere di filosofia e teoria politica più influenti al mondo, sia dal punto di vista intellettuale che storico.

Nel dialogo, Socrate discute con vari ateniesi e stranieri sul significato della giustizia e se l'uomo giusto sia più felice dell'uomo ingiusto.

Leonidas Drosis | Statues of Plato (left) and Socrates (right) at the Academy of Athens

Camille Pissarro | Hoarfrost, young peasant girl making fire, 1888

"Gelée blanche, jeune Paysanne faisant du feu" is one of Pissarro’s great masterpieces.

Painted in 1888 at the peak of the artist’s engagement with Neo-Impressionism and conceived on a grand scale, it is a brilliant rendering of light and atmosphere.

The subject is a cold winter’s morning, the low sun casts shadows across the meadow and in these shadows the night’s frost lingers; against this backdrop a young woman and a child build a fire, the smoke rising with a heat that shimmers and eddies across the frozen landscape.

Camille Pissarro | Hoarfrost, young peasant girl making fire / Gelée blanche, jeune Paysanne faisant du feu, 1888 | Museum Barberini

Gabriele d’Annunzio | Aprile

Socchiusa è la finestra, sul giardino.

Un'ora passa lenta, sonnolenta,

ed ella, ch'era attenta, s'addormenta

a quella voce che già si lamenta,

che si lamenta in fondo a quel giardino.

Non è che voce d'acque su la pietra:

e quante volte, quante volte udita !

William Brymner | In the orchard spring, 1892

Coco Chanel: "La felicità non è altro che il profumo del nostro animo"!

• "Se una donna è malvestita si nota l'abito. Se è ben impeccabilmente si nota la donna".

• "Una donna a 19 anni può essere attraente, a 29 seducente ma solo a 39 può essere irresistibile. E più di 39 anni non dimostrerà mai nessuna donna che una volta nella vita sia stata irresistibile".

• "Amo il lusso. Esso non giace nella ricchezza e nel fasto ma nell'assenza della volgarità. La volgarità è la più brutta parola della nostra lingua. Rimango in gioco per combatterla".

Salvatore Quasimodo: "19 gennaio, 1944"

Ti leggo dolci versi d'un antico,

e le parole nate fra le vigne,

le tende, in riva ai fiumi delle terre

dell'est, come ora ricadono lugubri

e desolate in questa profondissima

notte di guerra, in cui nessuno corre

il cielo degli angeli di morte,

Pablo Picasso | Guernica, 1937 | Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía, Madrid

Arthur Sarnoff (1912-2000)

An illustrator for many american magazines, Arthur Sarnoff was known for illustration and paintings, which were whimsical and attention getting because of their reflection of many aspects of American culture-product consumption, domestic life, sports, celebrities, sex, crime and musical entertainment.

Sarnoff was born in Brooklyn and studied at the Industrial School and the Grand Central Art School in New York City.

Among his teachers were John Clymer and Andrew Wyeth.

Luigi Cima | Verist painter

Luigi Cima (1860-1944) was an Italian painter, considered one of the most fortunate and appreciated representatives of the “verism” of the late nineteenth century, and in any case an absolute protagonist of the artistic world of Belluno.

Luigi Cima was born in Villa di Villa, current municipality of Mel (Belluno) on January 5, 1860.

After completing his technical studies in Feltre, he moved to Venice to enroll at the Academy of Fine Arts, where he attended the courses of Eugenio De Blaas.

Arturo Moradei | Genre painter

Arturo Moradei (1840-1901) was an Italian 19th Century genre artist.

Arturo Moradei was born in Florence in 1840 and after extensive study, he became a very popular painter of romantic figures indulging in everyday life.

His ability to catch expressions and to tell stories in his paintings ensured the popularity of his work during his lifetime.

He died in Italy in 1901.

Wisława Szymborska | Ogni caso / Could have, 1972

Poteva accadere.

Doveva accadere.

È accaduto prima. Dopo.

Più vicino. Più lontano.

È accaduto non a te.

Ti sei salvato perché eri il primo.

Ti sei salvato perché eri l’ultimo.

Rene Magritte

Patrizia Cavalli | La primavera / The spring

You arrive like this, as always,

To spread the suspicion of paradise,

And before I open the window

I know you from the gentler light,

From the dust that hangs in the air,

From the bird’s obsessive performance,

Charles Courtney Curran | Summer, 1906

Vito Maurogiovanni | Le albe di mio Padre / My Father's sunrises

1930.

Mio padre non ha mai dormito la notte: il suo caffè di via De Rossi rimaneva aperto notte e giorno.

Solo nel pomeriggio andava a trovare nel gran letto matrimoniale il riposo che non poteva avere la notte. Lo ricordo, la sera, dietro il bancone a manovrare la macchina espresso, a mescere bibite, limonate, aranciate.

Non erano molti gli avventori della notte.

Capitavano viaggiatori che arrivavano dalla stazione e coloro che erano in procinto di partire, con grosse valigie, per terre lontane.

Hans Brasen

The Hagia Sophia of the Fossati brothers

Gaspare Fossati (1809-1883) and his brother Giuseppe Fossati (1822-1891), were born in Switzerland to a family of architects.

They studied in Venice and Milan.

Until 1833 Gaspare had studied several specimens of Romanic and Renaissance architecture.

He participated in the excavations in Pompey, and subsequently travelled to Russia, where he was soon appointed official architect to the Czar's court in Saint Petersburg, and was entrusted with designing the Russian embassy in Istanbul.

Fernando Pessoa | Presagio / Presságio, 1928

L’amore, quando si rivela,

Non si sa rivelare.

Sa bene guardare lei,

Ma non le sa parlare.

Chi vuol dire quel che sente

Non sa quel che deve dire.

Parla: sembra mentire…

Tace: sembra dimenticare…

Antonio Nunziante

Pierre-Auguste Renoir | Dance at Bougival, 1883

The open-air cafés of suburban Bougival, a town on the river Seine west of Paris, were popular recreation spots for city dwellers, including the Impressionists.

Here, at one such café - its floor littered with cigarettes, burnt matches, and a small bouquet of flowers-an amateur boatman in a straw hat sweeps his stylish partner along in a waltz.

The touch of their gloveless hands, their flushed cheeks and intimate proximity, suggest a sensuous subtext to this scene.

The son of a dressmaker and a tailor, Renoir delighted in capturing intricate details of contemporary fashions, such as the woman’s red bonnet trimmed with purple fruits. | Source: © Museum of Fine Arts Boston

Pierre-Auguste Renoir | Dance at Bougival, 1883 | Museum of Fine Arts Boston

6 artworks to look out for at Tate Britain

Tate è un gruppo di gallerie d'arte con sede a Londra, Liverpool e Cornovaglia, note come Tate Modern, Tate Britain, Tate St Ives e Tate Liverpool + RIBA North.

Quando la Tate aprì per la prima volta le sue porte al pubblico nel 1897, aveva una sola sede, che esponeva una piccola collezione di opere d'arte britanniche.

Oggi dispone di quattro sedi principali e della collezione nazionale di arte britannica dal 1500 ad oggi e di arte moderna e contemporanea internazionale, che comprende circa 70.000 opere d'arte.

Sir John Everett Millais | Mariana, 1851 | Tate Collection

This painting by British painter John Everett Millais (1829-1896) is of Mariana, a character from Shakespeare’s play Measure for Measure.

The story goes that Mariana’s fiancé Angelo leaves after her family’s money is lost in a shipwreck.

Still in love with him, she hopes they will be reunited.

Millais shows Mariana pausing to stretch her back after working at some embroidery, with the autumn leaves scattered on the ground marking the passage of time.

The stained-glass windows in front of her show the Annunciation, contrasting the Virgin's fulfilment with Mariana's frustration and longing.

Sir John Everett Millais | Mariana, 1851 | Tate Collection

Sibilla Aleramo | La Rosa

Eccoci!

Facci posto,

oh sole!

A noi due

e ad una rosa.

Fra il mio seno

e il petto forte che amo,

sta una rosa,

sola.

Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema | The Roses of Heliogabalus, 1888 (detail)

Salvatore Quasimodo | Dammi il mio Giorno / Grant me my Day

Dammi il mio giorno;

ch’io mi cerchi ancora

un volto d’anni sopito

che un cavo d’acque

riporti in trasparenza,

e ch’io pianga amore di me stesso.

Antonio Nunziante | Cometa

Emily Dickinson | Morii per la Bellezza / I Died for Beauty, 1862

Morii per la bellezza, ma ero appena

composta nella tomba

che un altro, morto per la verità,

fu disteso nello spazio accanto.

Arthur Hughes (1832-1915) | Ophelia, 1865

Donne nell'Arte | Mappa del sito

Sebbene le Artiste siano state coinvolte nella creazione artistica nel corso della storia, il loro lavoro, se confrontato con quello delle loro controparti maschili, è stato spesso offuscato, trascurato e sottovalutato.

L'assenza delle Donne dal canone dell'arte occidentale è stata oggetto di indagine e riconsiderazione sin dai primi anni '70.

L'influente saggio del 1971 di Linda Nochlin, "Perché non ci sono state grandi artiste?", ha esaminato le barriere sociali ed istituzionali che hanno impedito alla maggior parte delle donne di entrare nelle professioni artistiche nel corso della storia, ha spinto ad una nuova attenzione sulle artiste, sulla loro arte e sulle loro esperienze e ha contribuito ad ispirare il movimento artistico femminista.

Frida Kahlo (1907-1954)

Jane DeDecker | The Women's Suffrage

By Jane DeDecker / The concept of this proposed women’s monument was inspired by a letter from Elizabeth Cady Stanton to Lucretia Mott in which she wrote about the power of words and deeds:

"Every word we utter, every act we perform, waft unto innumerable circles, beyond".

I wanted to capture the collective energy from all women who have made this happen, as well as acknowledge that we still need to keep moving as we strive for equality.

When a water droplet impacts a body of water it pushes waves outward and rebounds upward as a smaller droplet. This droplet, called the daughter droplet - gains height - then falls back to the water in what is called a coalescent cascade.

This describes the height, breadth, and lasting impact of the Suffragists’ work.

Paul Verlaine | Piange nel mio cuore / Tears fall in my heart, 1874

Piange nel mio cuore

Come piove sulla città.

Cos’è questo languore

Che penetra il mio cuore?

O dolce brusio della pioggia

A terra e sopra i tetti!

Per un cuore che si annoia

Oh il canto della pioggia!

Gustave Caillebotte | Jour de pluie à Paris, 1877 | The Art Institute of Chicago

Mitsuru Ichikawa, 1983 | Magic Realism painter

Mitsuru Ichikawa 市川光鶴 is a Japanese painter, born in Nagoya-shi, Aichi Prefecture.

She has been aspiring to be a painter since he was a child, and has been exhibiting mainly at group public exhibitions.

He completed the oil painting course at Musashino Art University Graduate School of Art and Design.

Currently is an associate member of the Independent Art Association.

Nikolai Sverchkov | Equine painter

Nikolai Yegorovich Sverchkov / Николай Егорович Сверчков (1817-1898) was a Russian painter who specialized in genre and hunting scenes with horses.

He was also a member of the Imperial Academy of Arts.

His father was an Imperial groom and coachman. As a child, he worked with his father and began drawing animals.

Impressed with his work, his parents arranged for him to take lessons at the Imperial Academy of Arts with the battle painter, Alexander Sauerweid, from 1827 to 1829.

Eugène Lami | Fashion in Paris

Eugène Louis Lami (1800-1890) was a French painter and lithographer.

He was a painter of fashionable Paris during the period of the July Monarchy and the Second French Empire and also made history paintings and illustrations for books such as Gil Blas and Manon Lescaut.

He worked at the studio of Horace Vernet then studied at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris with Camille Roqueplan and Paul Delaroche under Antoine-Jean Gros.

Anna Sahlsten | Genre painter

Anna Sofia Sahlstén (1859-1931) was a Finnish painter, primarily known for portraits and genre scenes.

Her father, Clas Vilhelm Sahlstén (1826-1897), was a Chamber Counselor who later became a writer.

Her mother was Edla Elisabeth Heinricius.

When she was eight, her family moved to Helsinki, where she attended a Swedish girls' school; receiving her certificate in 1877.

She then studied at the Finnish Society Drawing School from 1877 to 1880, then at a private school operated by Adolf von Becker, from 1880 to 1882.

Pietro Longhi | Rococò painter

Pietro Longhi (1701-1785) was a Venetian painter of contemporary genre scenes of life.

Pietro Longhi was born in Venice in the parish of Saint Maria, first child of the silversmith Alessandro Falca and his wife, Antonia. He adopted the Longhi last name when he began to paint.

He was initially taught by the Veronese painter Antonio Balestra, who then recommended the young painter to apprentice with the Bolognese Giuseppe Maria Crespi, who was highly regarded in his day for both religious and genre painting and was influenced by the work of Dutch painters.

Longhi returned to Venice before 1732.

Bella, Chagall's Eternal Muse

"In our life there is a single color, as on an artist’s palette, which provides the meaning of life and art. It is the color of LOVE" - Marc Chagall

The love story between Bella Rosenfeld (1889-1944) and Marc Chagall (1887-1985) was a profound, almost mystical connection that began in 1909 in Saint Petersburg.

Bella, a 19-year-old from a wealthy Jewish family, crossed paths with Chagall, a 26-year-old aspiring artist still in art school.

Their love was instantaneous, a moment both would later describe as love at first sight.

Bella, who would go on to become a writer, was captivated by Chagall’s deep blue eyes, describing them as if they had “fallen straight from the sky” and floated independently.

Marc Chagall | Les Amoureux, 1928

Mariangela Gualtieri | Se la parola amore è

Se la parola amore è

uno straccio lurido,

se non ho altra lingua per dire cosa

amo, se l’anima adesso è un ingombro

e il cielo un posto come un altro

se dormiamo e dormiamo

Alfred W. Elmore (1815-1881) | A Greek Ode | Christie's

René Magritte | L'utopie (Utopia), 1945

Painted in June 1945, René Magritte (Belgian surrealist artist, 1898-1967) himself described the scene in L'utopie in his publication, Dix tableaux de Magritte précédes de descriptions, published the following year.

There, he explained that, 'The rose is alone on an island'..

This sense of the solitude of the flower, already emphasised by the span of the distant horizon and the vastness of the ocean, is thus reinforced by Magritte's statement and his own declared intention.

How did the rose reach this island?

René Magritte | L'utopie (Utopia), 1945

"Corot painted 3.000 canvases, 10.000 of which have been sold in America"..!

The strong market for Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot's (French painter, 1796-1875) works and his relatively easy-to-imitate late painting style resulted in a huge production of Corot forgeries between 1870 and 1939.

René Huyghe (French writer on the history, psychology and philosophy of art, curator at the Louvre's department of paintings (from 1930), a professor at the Collège de France director of the Musée Jacquemart-André, a member of the Académie Française, 1906-1997) famously quipped that "Corot painted three thousand canvases, ten thousand of which have been sold in America".

Stefan Draschan, 1979 | Coincidences at Museums

Austrian photographer Stefan Draschan is a self-confessed flâneur(a French term popularized in the 19th century for a type of urban male "stroller", "lounger", "saunterer", or "loafer").

Draschan commutes between Vienna, Berlin, Naples, and Paris.

His penchants for museum-going and people-watching blossomed into a wildly successful blog-turned-book: Coincidences at Museums (2019), in which he photographed other museum-goers who inadvertently matched with the paintings in front of them.

Walter Crane | Precursor of Art Nouveau

Walter Crane (1845-1915) was an English artist and book illustrator.

Together with William Morris, Walter Crane was a leader in the Art Nouveau and the Arts and Crafts artistic movements

.

Walter Crane is considered to be the most influential, and among the most prolific, children's book creators of his generation and, along with Randolph Caldecott and Kate Greenaway, one of the strongest contributors to the child's nursery motif that the genre of English children's illustrated literature would exhibit in its developmental stages in the later 19th century.

Crane's work featured some of the more colourful and detailed beginnings of the child-in-the-garden motifs that would characterize many nursery rhymes and children's stories for decades to come.

Émile Zola: "I would rather die of passion than of boredom"

• "[Johann Strauss jr] Ha mostrato come il mondo può essere bello, io invece ho scritto come il mondo può essere brutto".

• "Il talento del Signor Manet è fatto di semplicità e di esattezza. Senza dubbio, davanti alla natura incredibile di alcuni dei suoi colleghi si sarà deciso ad interrogare la realtà, solo con sé stesso: avrà rifiutato tutta la perizia acquisita, tutta l'antica esperienza, avrà voluto prendere l'arte dall'inizio, cioè dall'osservazione esatta degli oggetti. Si è dunque messo coraggiosamente di fronte a un soggetto, ha visto questo soggetto per larghe macchie, per opposizioni vigorose, e ha dipinto ogni cosa così come la vedeva".

Édouard Manet | Portrait of Émile Zola, 1868 | Musée d'Orsay, Paris

Alfonso Simonetti | Romantic painter

Alfonso Simonetti (29 December 1840 - 22 August 1892) was an Italian painter of historical scenes, portraits and landscapes; best known for his works with moonlight and sunset effects.

Simonetti was born in Naples, Italy, to the painter Giuseppe Simonetti (1840-1864) and his wife Vincenza, née Piccirillo.

In 1859, he enrolled at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts, where he studied under Gabriele Smargiassi and Giuseppe Mancinelli.

Eugenio Montale | Accade

Accade

che le affinità d'anima non giungano

ai gesti e alle parole ma rimangano

effuse come un magnetismo. Ѐ raro

ma accade.

Daniel Gerhartz | Home

Claude Monet | Alice Hoschedé au jardin, 1881

Monet's magnificent depiction of his garden at Vétheuil exemplifies the visual splendor of Impressionism at its height.

Monet painted this work in 1881 as a new chapter of his life was unfolding, and this picture expresses the exuberance and renewed passion of the artist during this important period.

Seated among the flowers is Alice Hoschedé, the artist's thirty-seven year old lover and the wife of his close friend and patron Ernst Hoschedé.

The composition is lavished with all of the hallmarks of a great Impressionist composition, with its vivid color palette, intermingling of the natural elements and interplay of light and shadow.

Claude Monet | Alice Hoschedé au jardin, 1881

Arthur Schopenhauer: "Music is the melody whose text is the world"

• "For an author to write as he speaks is just as reprehensible as the opposite fault, to speak as he writes; for this gives a pedantic effect to what he says, and at the same time makes him hardly intelligible".

• "A man can be himself only so long as he is alone, and if he does not love solitude, he will not love freedom, for it is only when he is alone that he is really free".

Antonio Nunziante

Pierre-Auguste Renoir | Fragments and studies

Pierre-Auguste Renoir (1841-1919) was fascinated by hats and their infinite array of trimmings.

To quote the model-turned-painter Suzanne Valadon: "Renoir particularly loved women's hats... he never ceased buying lots of hats".

The millinery trade was a thriving industry in Paris during the second half of the 19th century.

When the vogue for hats reached its peak, Paris was home to about 1,000 milliners.

Since hats represented the most variable accessory in a wardrobe, even women with moderate means owned several.

In this kaleidoscopic sketch, Renoir lavished his attention on the hats, while the heads are no more individualized than mannequins.

Pierre-Auguste Renoir | Study of Heads, 1890 | Barnes Foundation